JURNAL PHARMA BHAKTA

STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUND CONTENT AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRAK OF CELERY LEAF (Apium graveolens L.) WRITHING TEST METHOD

2026-07-04T02:55:36+00:00

Background: The celery plant (Apium graveolens L.) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is one of the vegetable commodities that is widely used for flavoring and decorating dishes with various health benefits. Objective: This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds and analgesic activity of celery leaves. Through a systematic review article. Method: The research method with systematic literature review was carried out by searching for articles or journals related to phytochemical compound content and analgesic activities of celery. which had been published in journals. Literature search was conducted in April-May 2021 through Google Scholar, then journals were selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The inclusion criteria, namely journals published last 5 years, the journal discusses the content of phytochemical compounds and analgesic activity of ethanol extract of celery leaves using the writhing test method. And as for the exclusion criteria, the data in the journal is incomplete and the journal does not discuss the celery plant. Based on the results of a systematic literature review of 5 published journals indicate that celery plant contains phytochemicals flavonoid compounds, tannins, saponins flavor-glucoside (apiin), apigenin and have analgesic activity.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERIZATION, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF BEAN LEAF (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SIMPLICIA

2026-06-17T03:07:59+00:00

ABSTRACT

Background: Common bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are horticultural plant materials with potential use as traditional herbal medicine due to their diverse secondary metabolites that exhibit various health-promoting properties. Pharmacognostic characterization and quality evaluation are essential to ensure the quality and safety of herbal raw materials. Objective: This study aimed to determine the microscopic characteristics, moisture content, loss on drying, phytochemical profile, and microbiological quality of common bean leaves. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive approach. Common bean leaf simplicia was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. Microscopic observations were performed on fresh leaves and powdered simplicia. Quality evaluation included the determination of moisture content, loss on drying, phytochemical screening, and microbial contamination through Total Plate Count and Yeast and Mold Count analyses. Results: The extraction process yielded an extract recovery of 11.78%. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of epidermal tissues, stomata, trichomes, and sclerenchyma. The moisture content and loss on drying were 3.0% and 2.1%, respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The Total Plate Count and Yeast and Mold Count were 1.6 × 10⁵ CFU/g and 3.1 × 10³ CFU/g, respectively. Conclusion: Common bean leaves possess distinctive pharmacognostic characteristics, contain various potentially bioactive secondary metabolites, and meet microbiological quality requirements for use as herbal raw materials.

Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L., pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemical screening, microbiological quality

Optimization of the Combination of Canna Tubers (Canna indica L.) – Avicel PH 101 as a Diluent for Direct Compression Ibuprofen Tablets

2026-04-29T03:55:13+00:00

Background: Canna tuber (Canna Indica L.) is a plant that contains large amounts of carbohydrates, so it can be used as a starch producer. Canna starch is starch extracted from canna tubers can be used to diluent. Objective: to determine the effect of the combination of green canna tuber starch with Avicel Ph 101 as a filler for ibuprofen tablets on the physical form of tablets and to determine the optimum formulation of the combination of canna tuber starch. with avicel PH 101. Method: This study is an experimental research using a descriptive method. The samples in this study were formulations combining canna tuber starch and Avicel PH 101 as fillers in directly compressed ibuprofen tablets, using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. Results: The physical quality test of the tablets from the 5 formulas met the requirements for the uniformity test of tablet weight, tablet size uniformity test formulas, tablet hardness test, friability test, and the dissolution test of the 5 formulas meets the requirements within 60 minutes of dissolving not less than 85% of the amount indicated on the label. Conclusions: The formulation of Ibuprofen tablets with Avicel PH 101 as a filler combined with canna tuber starch can affect the physical quality. The optimum formula for ibuprofen tablets combined with canna tuber starch and Avicel PH 101 is the proportion of canna tuber starch as much as 50,000 mg and Avicel PH 101 as much as 50,000 mg, with a desirabilty value of 1,000.

The DESCRIPTION OF THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF GENERAL OUTPATIENT PATIENTS REGARDING THE USE OF AMOXICILLIN AT THE DONO PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, TULUNGAGUNG DISTRICT

2026-04-29T03:47:02+00:00

Background: Irrational use of antibiotics, including amoxicillin, contributes to the increase in bacterial resistance and the risk of adverse drug reactions. Adequate patient knowledge is a key factor in promoting appropriate antibiotic use. Objective: To describe the level of knowledge among general outpatients regarding the use of amoxicillin at Dono Public Health Center, Tulungagung Regency. Methods: This study used a descriptive quantitative design with sampling involving 85 respondents who had previously received an amoxicillin prescription. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 12 items covering nine knowledge parameters: drug classification, administration rules, dosage, adherence to schedule, appropriate indications, duration of use, legal access, side effects, and common misconceptions. Results: The results showed that 52.94% of respondents had a moderate level of knowledge, 36.47% had a good level of knowledge, and 10.59% had a poor level of knowledge. The highest knowledge score was found in the classification parameter (98.82%), while the lowest scores were in side effects (48.24%) and common misconceptions (49.41%). Conclusion: Patients generally demonstrated adequate knowledge of the basic aspects of amoxicillin use; however, gaps remain in understanding the risks of resistance, side effects, and appropriate indications. Strengthening education and implementing continuous interventions are essential to encourage rational antibiotic use.

THERAPEUTIC SAFETY AND RATIONALITY IN CLINICAL PHARMACY: THE ROLE OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES AND THE ZEBRAFISH MODEL IN SUPPORTING CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING

2026-02-02T07:01:59+00:00

Background: Clinical pharmacy practice requires the implementation of safe and rational therapies to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize the risk of adverse drug reactions. Limited availability of early clinical data, particularly for newly developed drugs and the increasing use of natural products, poses challenges in therapeutic decision-making. Under these conditions, preclinical studies serve as an essential source of early evidence for evaluating compound safety prior to human use. Objective: This review aims to examine the role of preclinical studies using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model in supporting clinical decision-making in clinical pharmacy practice. Methods: This article was conducted using a narrative review approach of national and international scientific literature addressing therapeutic safety, clinical pharmacy, preclinical studies, and the application of the zebrafish model. Result: The literature indicates that zebrafish offer significant advantages as an efficient, sensitive, and translationally relevant preclinical model for toxicity testing and drug safety assessment, including natural product–based compounds. Integration of preclinical data with clinical considerations contributes to improved accuracy of therapeutic decisions and strengthens the role of clinical pharmacists in ensuring patient safety. Conclusions: Zebrafish-based preclinical studies represent a significant supportive component in evidence-based clinical pharmacy practice.

ANALYSIS OF DRUG PLANNING USING THE CONSUMPTION METHOD IN THE PHARMACY INSTALLATION OF FATIMAH ISLAMIC HOSPITAL, CILACAP

2026-03-27T04:20:06+00:00

Background: This study highlights the importance of effective drug management to ensure the availability of safe, high-quality medicines. Ineffective inventory planning may lead to shortages or excess stock, both of which can cause harm. Objective: This study aims to analyze drug planning using the consumption method to improve stock management efficiency. Methods: Data were collected through surveys and analysis of hospital drug consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the integration of pharmaceutical services with drug logistics management as a strategy to enhance the overall quality of health services. Results: Of the 100 drug samples analyzed, 83 required procurement, while 17 did not due to adequate availability. The most frequently consumed drug was acetylcysteine cap 200 mg, with a total usage of 20,607 tablets. Conclusions: Fatimah Islamic Hospital in Cilacap applies the consumption method by considering previous usage data, remaining stock, safety stock, and lead time.

The FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TRANSPARENT SOAP CONTAINING MUNG BEAN SEEDS AND SPROUTS (Vigna radiata L.)

2026-01-28T12:28:21+00:00

Background: Transparent solid soap is an innovative cosmetic product designed to improve aesthetic value and consumer acceptance. The incorporation of natural antioxidants has attracted growing interest due to their protective effects against free radicals. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), particularly its seeds and sprouts, exhibits antioxidant activity associated with flavonoid compounds, yet its application in transparent soap formulations remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the physical quality and antioxidant activity of transparent soap formulations containing mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seeds and sprouts. Method: Mung bean seeds and sprouts were dried, pulverized into powder, and subjected to phytochemical screening for flavonoid. Each powder was incorporated into transparent solid soap formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Commercial soap with known antioxidant activity was used as a positive control, while soap base without mung bean powder served as a negative control. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic, pH, wetting test, skin irritation test, and stability assay. Conclusion: The incorporation of mung bean seed and sprout powders influenced the physical characteristics of transparent soap and provided antioxidant activity. Transparent soap containing mung bean sprouts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, indicated by a lower IC₅₀ value, compared to soap containing mung bean seeds, suggesting that mung bean sprouts are a more effective natural antioxidant source.

FORMULATION AND ACTIVITY TEST OF ANTI ACNE GEL BASED ON RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST Cutibacterium acnes BACTERIA

2025-10-08T05:49:41+00:00

Background: Acne is an inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit involving infection by Cutibacterium acnes. Ramania leaves (Bouea macrophylla) contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins with known antibacterial properties. Objective: This study aimed to formulate a methanolic extract gel of Ramania leaves and evaluate its physical and organoleptic qualities as well as its antibacterial activity against C. acnes. Method: The extract was obtained via maceration and formulated in a carbopol-based gel with concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Physical evaluations included organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, and spreadability. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method. Results: showed all gel formulas met standard physical and organoleptic criteria. The 5% extract gel demonstrated the largest inhibition zone against C. acnes (22.8 mm ± 2.06). Concentrations above 10% showed decreased effectiveness, likely due to saturation or physical instability. Conclusion: The 5% Ramania leaf extract gel is the most effective and stable formulation for topical anti-acne application

IN SILICO STUDY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION FROM Clitoria ternatea FLOWERS AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT

2025-09-27T00:56:24+00:00

Background: Antibacterials are compounds with the ability to slow down and inactivate pathogenic bacteria that can cause inflammation and abscess formation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are metal particles measuring 1–100 nm that are known to have high antibacterial potential. In the formation process, a reducing agent is required to facilitate chemical interactions. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is used as the active ingredient in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on green synthesis, where flavonoid compounds act as reducing agents. Objective: To determine the potential of butterfly pea flower quercetin as an antibacterial agent through in silico studies. Methods: The study was conducted in silico with protein 6J90 as the receptor and quercetin as the test ligand, with preparation through geometry optimization and molecular docking validation. Drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and ligand– receptor interactions were analyzed using Lipinski’s rule of five, PreADMET, Toxtree, AutoDock Tools, and Discovery Studio. Results: The study showed that the test compound met drug-likeness criteria, had a good pharmacokinetic profile, and was not carcinogenic with a safe exposure limit of ≤0.15 µg/day, with a binding affinity value of −5.96 kcal/mol that was more stable than the natural ligand. Conclusion: In silico studies show that quercetin from butterfly pea flower silver nanoparticles has potential as an antibacterial agent, with a binding affinity value of −5.96 kcal/mol to the 6J90 protein, which is more stable than natural ligands.