JURNAL PHARMA BHAKTA

CASE REPORT : JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

Evy Dharmayati — 2025-12-03

Background: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, now more commonly known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic form of arthritis that occurs in children under 16 years of age. It is characterized by persistent inflammation in one or more joints for at least six weeks without an identifiable cause. Objective: Evaluate the clinical condition of a patient with polyarticular JIA who has received methotrexate therapy, and to assess the effectiveness of intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide as an adjunct treatment. Methods: This study based on a case illustration of a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with polyarticular JIA. Data were obtained through medical history, physical examination, methotrexate treatment records, and planned intra-articular injection procedures. A literature review was also conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide as adjunct therapy in polyarthritis. Results: The 4-year-old patient, weighing 18 kg and measuring 109 cm in height, had experienced symptoms for the past two years. Despite methotrexate therapy—gradually increased from 10 mg/m² to 15 mg/m² per week since December 2020—he continued to present with swelling in the hands and feet, stiffness in both knees and elbows, and pain that limited joint extension. Literature indicates that intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide demonstrates approximately 70% effectiveness in managing symptoms in patients with polyarticular JIA. Conclusions: JIA is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires comprehensive management. In this case, methotrexate alone did not fully alleviate symptoms, making additional therapy necessary. Intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide is effective and may serve as a viable option to improve joint function and reduce inflammation in polyarticular JIA.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF PHARMACY SERVICES AND PATIENT SATISFACTION AT NGANTRU PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, TULUNGAGUNG REGENCY IN 2025

Djembor Sugeng Walujo — 2025-12-03

Background: High-quality, optimal health services are essential for community well-being. Pharmaceutical service standards guide pharmacy staff in delivering these services, minimizing the risk of medication errors. Objective: A 2025 study aimed to explore the correlation between the quality of pharmaceutical services and patient satisfaction at the Ngantru Regency Tulungagung Public Health Center. Methods: The study employed an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. Ninety-seven patients from the health center, meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, with the quality of pharmaceutical services as the independent variable and patient satisfaction as the dependent variable. Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Result: The results indicated that 80.4% of respondents rated the pharmaceutical services as very good, while 19.6% rated them as good. Additionally, 69.1% of respondents reported being very satisfied with the services, and 30.9% reported being satisfied. The chi-square test revealed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the quality of pharmaceutical services and patient satisfaction at the Ngantru Health Center. Conclusions: The results of this study can be described that maximum efforts in pharmaceutical services at Ngantru Health Center provide support for community satisfaction in health services. This effort is to provide assurance that pharmaceutical services are carried out optimally so that patients get the best service in the health sector.

ANTICONVULSANTS IN FEBRILE SEIZURE MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY, CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND CLINICAL STRATEGIES

Fauziah Hasdin — 2025-11-29

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common neurological disorder in children aged 6 months to 6 years. Although generally benign, complex febrile seizures are associated with increased risk of epilepsy. Objective: This review analyzes anticonvulsant drugs used in febrile seizure management, emphasizing the correlation between chemical structure, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy, while assessing the potential of emerging agents. Method: A narrative review was conducted using literature published between 2010 and 2025, retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, with keywords related to anticonvulsants and febrile seizures.Result: Benzodiazepines demonstrate rapid onset and effectiveness in acute management due to their lipophilic structure. Prophylactic agents such as phenobarbital and valproate are effective but linked to long-term adverse effects. Newer agents like levetiracetam and lacosamide offer favorable pharmacokinetics, low toxicity, and selective non-GABAergic mechanisms. Conclusions: Anticonvulsant selection should be guided by chemical structure and pharmacokinetic profile. Benzodiazepines remain first-line treatment, while levetiracetam and lacosamide are promising options for complex cases. Further research is needed to strengthen clinical evidence in pediatric populations.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BASES (CMC-Na AND PGA) IN TOOTHPASTE FORMULATED WITH BIDURI LEAF EXTRACT (Calotropis gigantea L.) ON PHYSICAL QUALITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Streptococcus mutans

Erfan Tri Prasongko — 2025-11-29

Background: Toothpaste is a semi-solid preparation used to clean teeth and maintain oral health. Innovations in utilizing natural ingredients, such as Biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea L.), in toothpaste formulation are based on its content of active compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have potential antibacterial properties and thus are beneficial for maintaining dental cleanliness and health. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of different bases, CMC-Na and PGA, in Biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea L.) toothpaste on its physical quality and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Methods:Toothpaste was formulated into two preparations: Formulation 1 (3% CMC-Na base) and Formulation 2 (20% PGA base). Physical quality evaluations included organoleptic testing, pH, homogeneity, and foam height, while stability testing was conducted using the cycling test method. The data were analyzed using Independent T-Test and Paired T-Test. Results: There were significant differences in the physical quality of Biduri leaf extract toothpaste between the CMC-Na and PGA bases in terms of pH and foam height (p<0.05), but no differences in organoleptic properties and homogeneity. In the stability test, both bases were unstable in terms of pH and foam height. Antibacterial activity testing against Streptococcus mutans showed no significant difference between the two bases (p>0.05). Conclusion: The difference between CMC-Na and PGA bases in Biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea L.) toothpaste affects its physical quality and stability, but does not influence its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.

OVERVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Borassus flabellifer Linn. AS A REGIONAL EMBLEM PLANT OF SOUTH SULAWESI

Wahyuni Agus — 2025-11-29

Background: Borassus flabellifer Linn. (palmyra palm) is a member of the Arecaceae family with important ecological, economic, and pharmacological roles, and serves as the floral emblem of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Traditionally, almost all parts of the plant have been used for food, beverages, and handicrafts. Objective: This review summarizes its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Methods: Relevant articles were collected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Publications from 2005 to 2025 were screened using the keywords Borassus flabellifer, palmyra palm, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were analyzed. Result: Findings indicate that plant parts contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and steroidal saponins including flabelliferins and borassosides. These metabolites are linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and diuretic effects, through mechanisms such as free radical scavenging, suppression of inflammation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, and regulation of renal electrolyte excretion. Conclusion: Overall, Borassus flabellifer shows strong potential as a source of phytopharmaceuticals and natural drug candidates. Beyond pharmacological value, its ecological resilience, cultural significance, and economic importance support its designation as the floral emblem of South Sulawesi. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to validate therapeutic efficacy and safety.

EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF CEFTAROLINE VS CEFTRIAXONE IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA THERAPY: EVIDENCE FROM A DECADE OF RESEARCH

Andi Ameilia Sari Riandika — 2025-11-29

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized adults. Appropriate selection of empirical antibiotics is crucial to prevent treatment failure and limit antimicrobial resistance. Ceftriaxone has long been the standard empirical therapy for moderate to severe CAP in many clinical guidelines. However, ceftaroline fosamil, a newer generation cephalosporin with activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin resistant strains), has emerged as a potential alternative. Objective: This review aims to evaluate randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence published between 2015 and 2025 comparing the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline versus ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP among hospitalized. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for RCTs published between 2015 and 2025 based on the checklist prism. Results: Evidence from RCTs (2015–2025) supports ceftaroline as an effective alternative to ceftriaxone for the management of CAP in hospitalized adults. Several pooled analyses suggest superiority of ceftaroline in terms of clinical cure, while no significant differences were observed in mortality outcomes. The safety profiles of both agents were generally comparable. Conclusion: This review supports ceftaroline as an effective empirical alternative to ceftriaxone for moderate to severe CAP, with evidence indicating potential advantages in clinical cure rates.

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Rieka Nurul Dwi Anggraeni — 2025-11-29

Background: Medication errors (MEs) in pediatric patients are a serious patient safety concern. MEs in children often occur due to insufficient understanding of pediatric dosing and non-compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) by healthcare professionals. Objective: This article aims to review the role of pharmacists in preventing MEs in pediatric patients through an analysis of recent literature. Methods: The article was prepared as a literature review using sources from online databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar) published between 2020 and 2025. Inclusion criteria included full-text availability, relevance to the topic, and focus on the pediatric context. Results: Several studies show that pharmacist interventions, such as prescription review, education, audit, medication reconciliation, and participation in ward rounds, can reduce the incidence of MEs by 64–73%. Studies in Indonesia revealed that 92% of pediatric prescriptions did not include body weight and only 16% contained complete information, indicating a high potential for dosing errors. Pharmacist-led education for healthcare providers and parents/caregivers plays an important role in improving understanding and preventing medication administration errors at home. Conclusion: Pharmacists play a crucial role in preventing pediatric MEs through clinical and educational interventions. Active pharmacist involvement in multidisciplinary teams is strongly recommended to improve pediatric patient safety.

ANALGESIC POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KETAPANG LEAVES (Terminalia catappa L.) ON MICE USING THE HOTPLATE METHOD

Rosa Juwita Hesturini — 2025-11-29

Background: Pain is a sensory experience from tissue damage that can occur over a certain duration. Pain management is generally carried out by administering analgesic drugs. Ketapang leaves have potential as a natural analgesic alternative. Objective: To evaluate the analgesic activity of ketapang leaf extract in male white mice. Methods: A total of 15 mice were divided into five groups: 0.5% Na CMC as a negative group, a positive control Asetil salisilat acid 500 mg/KgBW, and three treatment groups given sampel at doses of 300 mg/KgBW, 400 mg/KgBW, and 500 mg/KgBW. The analgesic test was conducted using the hot plate methog, and the mice's response to heat stimulus was observed for 60 minutes after oral suspension administration. Results: Extract at various doses significantly increased the latency period of the mice compared to the negative control group. The highest latency period was shown by the 500 mg/KgBW dose, which was 9.39 seconds. This suspected activity is due to the content of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid compounds, which may blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Conclusion: The extract of ketapang leaves possesses analgesic percentages of 33%, 36%, and 55%, respectively. The most effective dose was 500 mg/KgBW, with an analgesic percentage of 55%.